Measuring apparatus



Aug. 1, 1939- c. B. MOORE I MEASURING APPARATUS Fi led June 1,

1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN V EN TOR. OLEMAN B. MOORE ATTORNEY Aug. 1,, 1939.

c. B. MOORE- HEASURING APPARATUS Filed June 1, 19156 7 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

E R WM H .M. B T m H M E L 0 C Patented Aug. 1, 1939 UNITED STATES MEASURING APPARATUS Coleman B. Moore, Carroll Park, Pa., assignor to The Brown Instrument Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application June 1, 1936, Serial No. 82,852

9 Claims.

The general objectof the present invention is to provide an improved measuring instrument of the type including a movable measuring member, and means for moving it in accordance with the variable value of some quantity or condition measured, by subjecting the member to a moving force large enough to move the-member and to adjust the flapper valve of a pneumatic relay mechanism, but too small to effect recording control, or

m other functions which may be desirably performed by such an instrument.

While the general features of the present invention are adapted for other uses, the invention was primarily.devised for use in a flow meter 1 instrument including integrating and recording means, and of the type in which the instrument includes an-inductance bridge receiver element connected by electrical conductors to the transmitter element of said bridge, said transmitter element 'being external to the instrument and associated with the manometer of a flow meter in a known manner. In such an arrangement, variations in the fluid flow rate measured, act through the manometer, to give movements to the movable magnetic core or armature of the transmitter, and such movements produce, by electro-magnetic action, ments of the movable core or armature of the receiver element of the bridge, the last mentioned 30 armature forming the movable measuring member of the instrument proper.

In the preferred flow meter embodiment of the invention illustrated by way of example herein, the armature member of the receiver mechan- 35 ically actuates the flapper control valve of mechanism, enclosed in the instrument casing, and comprising an air compressor supplying air under a variable pressure controlled by the flapper valve, for operating a pneumatic relay mechanism employed to adjust the recording pen arm of the instrument in accordance with variations in the [rate of flow measured, and to operate mechanism, included in the instrument, for exhibiting the integrated value of the flow. The compressor is 45 driven by an electric motor, which is also enclosed in the instrument casing, and also serves to give its timed movement to a record chart on which a record is made by the pen arm.

The various features of novelty which char- 50 acterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to, and forming a part of this specification. For a better understandng of the invention, however, its advantages, and specific objects attained with its use, 55 reference should be had to the'accompanying corresponding move-- drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig.1 is a front elevation of a flow integrating and recording instrument;

Fig. 2 is an elevation of a portion of the instrument integrating mechanism, shown in smaller scale in Fig. 1; r

Fig. 3 is an elevation taken similarly to Fig. l but on a larger scale, of portions of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1;

Fig, 4 is an elevation of a cam element; and

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of a portion of the instrument on a larger scale than Fig. 1.

The instrument shown in the drawings is of the circular chart type, the instrument mechanism being enclosed in a casing or housing, which may be in the form of a short cylinder A provided with a front door A connected to the casing body by a hinge A The mechanism within the instrument includes an inductance bridge receiver element, comprising vertically disposed coils B and B, arranged end to end, .and an armature b axially movable in the coils B and B. The receiving element of the instrument may be similar in type and in its inductance bridge association with the manometer actuated transmitter element of the bridge, with the arrangement disclosed in the Harrison Patent 1,743,852, granted January 14, 1930, and hence need not be illustrated or described herein.

In the construction shown, the armature b is suspended from a lever C, to which the upper end of a stem or link extension b from the armatur bis pivotally connected. The angular movements imparted to the lever C by the armature b, are transmitted through a link CD to a lever D. The latter is pivoted on a lever E which is journalled on a supporting pivot EC. The angular movements of thelevers D and E, effected as hereinafter described, control the adjustment ofa flapper valve F, (Fig. 3), which regulates thedischarge of air through the discharge or bleeder outlet nozzle g, from the pressure chamber G of a bellows unit or fluid pressure device G, and thereby regulates the pressure in the chamber G and the operative effect of the device G. As hereinafter described, the device G adjusts a recording pen arm H and controls the action of 50 integrating mechanism 1. The latter is actuated through suitable gearing by an electric motor J, which serves an additional timing function, in that through speed reducing gears JH, it rotates the driving element 71. which rotates the chart 56 bled orvented irom the chamber G through the nozzleg, at a ratedeteri'nined by the adjustment oithe flapper valveiF, and'so as to maintain the air'pressure in the chamber G required torthe operative iunctionsfoi the device G.

The pressure chamber G of the unit or device G, has a movable wall, i'ormed'by a bellows elementG 'within thecup shaped body 0! the unit. 'The element (3 is connected at one end to the annular head G" attached to the rimof said cup shaped body. Theother end of the bellows,

G is closed by an end wall G which is movable. A rod .or stem (3* within, and cxtendinglongitudinally ofthe bellows,'has one. end secured to.

the movable bellows end wall G and is pivotally connected at its other end by a pivot GL to a crank arm L carried by, and turning with a crank shaft, L. The latterextendstransversely to the bellows axis, and is journalled on the end member G30- Flxed to the crank shaft L is a second crank arm L carrying a pin li f-engaging an edge portion Iii of the lever To permit angular adjustment, about the axis of the rock shaft L of the pin L relative to the pivot GL, the pivot GL directly connects the stem G to an arm L, which is loosely journalled on: the shaft L and is angularly adjustable relative to the arm L, to which it is normally clamped by means includingclamping and adjusting screws Ii.

The lever E is biased for movement in the clockwise direction, by a spring E so that the edge It of the lever is maintained constantly in engagement with the pin L-f. The flapper valve F is pivoted at F, and is spring biased for move-' ment in the clockwise'direction toward the end of the nozzle 0, so that, left-to itselLthe flapper valve F tends to close the male 9, and thereby increase thepressure in the chamber (3'. The flapper valve F is adjusted toward and away from thenozzle g, by a pin or projection D' from the .lever D. The pin D maybe moved to adjust the valve F. either by an angular movement-0t the lever D, or angular adjustments of. the lever E effected through thepin bythe will!!! from and expansion of the bellows r pressure in the an increase or dreasejof chamber G'. i

The net operating effect of, the described mechanism for adjusting the flapper valve F, is to vary the pressure in the chamber G as required to make the angular position of the crank shaft L 7 dependent in a predetermined manner 'on the axial adjustment position of the armature b relative to the coils B and B. On an increase in the fluid flow measured, which, with the arrangement shown, produces an upward movement of the armature b, the direct eiiect of the armature movement is to give counter-clockwise adjustments to the levers C and D. The resultant counter-clockwise movement of the pin D permits a movement of the flapper valve )5 toward the nozzle g, whereby the pressure in the chamber G is increased. That increase of pressure moves the bellows end G to the right, and, through the stem G and pivot pin GL, gives a counter-clockwise adjustment to the rock shaft L, whereby the pin L acting on the lever E gives a counter-clockwise adjustment to the latamaoaa away from the nozzle G, as required for the maintenance oi! a pressure in the chamber G just sumcient to prevent further movementin either direction oithe bellows end G and stem G I Conversely, on a decrease in the rate 0! iiow measured, and a corresponding down movement of the armature b, the resultant clockwise adjustment oi-the lever D, movesthe flapper valve F away from the nozzle a, and reduces the pressure in the chamber G-'. This results in a movement of the bellows end 6* and stem G 'to the left.- Those movements are terminated as soon as the. resultant clockwise adjustments or the rock shaft L, pin L and lever E, permits a closing movement of the flapper valve F into the position required for the maintenance of the pressure in, the chamber G' necessary to arrest the expansion of the bellows G While the pressure in the chamber (3 must be varied to give the bellows G expansionand contraction movements, the pressure in the chamber G required to hold the bellows end G stationary, need not increase or decrease as the bellows length is varied, except as saidpressure is varied to compensate for the tendencyoi' the bellows to assume a particular length in consequence of the bellows wall resiliency. In practice, the bellows resiliency force involved is small in comparison with the eilect of atmospheric pressure acting onv the inner wall of the bellows which is open at its right hand end, and the pressure in the chamber G need not rise at anytime much above atmospheric pressure. In consequence, the duty of the air compressor is quite small, and the compressor driving load on the motor H is correspondingly small.

To properly relate the positions and relative movements of the bell crank lever D and. armature b, the lever C comprises in addition to the arm to which the stem b is directly pivoted, a second arm C, also join-nailed on the pivot pin C and adjustably clamped to the first mentioned arm by a clamping screw C An adjusting screw mounted in the part 0' and having an eccentric head projection C received in a slot in the first mentioned arm of the lever C, serves by its rota the lever D and link CD. The slot C receives a clamping screw C by which a part C", adjustable along the slot 'C, may be clamped to the lever part. C. The lower end oi! the link CD is pivotally connected to the part C The lever C car-.

ries an adjustable counterweight C', by which the lever with its connections is gravitational balanced. I

The pen arm H which records the rate of flow .on the record disc n is turned about the axis of a pivot H by an arm I-I rigidly connected to the U by a clamping screw L passing through an 70 elongated slot inxthe arm L The lower. end of the link H is pivoted to the part L".

In various instruments in which the present invention may be used with advantage. the

movements of the movable measuring member 75 are .not in linear proportion to the changes in value of the quantity measured. Thus, in the flow meter illustrated and described, the movements of the receiver core 12 are proportional to the square root of the rate of flow measured. In general, it is preferable, and in some -cases highly desirable from the practical standpoint, that the exhibiting element of the instrument, whether it be a recording pen or an indicating pointer, should move in linear proportion to the changes in the quantity measured. Such linear movement of the pen arm H of the instrument illustrated, is readily obtained by suitably shaping the edge E of the lever E engaged by the pin L.

It is desirable that the pressure in chamber G is not permitted to fall below the value necessa y to maintain the pen at ,zero or above the value necessary to maintain the pan at full scale notwithstanding deflection oi lever C below its position corresponding to zero position of pen H or above its position corresponding to full scale position of pen H. To this end the upper and lower ends of the surface E o! lever E are shaped as shown. As member I is deflected clockwise beyond the point at which pen H coincides with its zero scale position as a result of a decrease in pressure in chamber G, member E will be permitted to move clockwise to neutralize said-pressure and maintain the pen substantially at zero. As member L is deflected counterclockwise beyond the point at which pen H coincides with its full scale position, member'E -willbe turned counterclockwise to minimize such movement.

The previously mentioned integrating mechanism I includes as its driving element, a gear wheel I rotated about the axis of its supporting shaft F by suitable speed reducing gearing J1, shown diagrammatically'in Fig. l. The constant low speed rotative movement of the gear wheel I gives a variable rotatlve movementto a wheel I carried by a spindle I the axis of which is transverse to, and intersects the axis of the gear wheel I. The wheel I is in frictional engagement at its periphery with one side or face of the gear wheel I, at a radial. distance from the axis of the latter which is varied by axial adjustment of the spindle I carrying the wheel F. Such axial adjustment is provided for by journalllng the ends of the spindle I in aligned plungers P and I, axially movable in the supporting frame portion of the integrating mechanism 1. A spring I" mounted in said trame work, urges the plunger I and also the spindle I and plunger 1, to the left, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, and thereby holds the end of the plunger I against an edge I! of the crank arm L carried by the shaft L. The edge 1. is so shaped that as the shaft L is angularly adjusted, the axial movements imparted through the plunger 1 to the spindle I, will be in linear. proportion to the changes 'in the quantity measured, which produce the angular adjustment of the shaft L.

The-parts are so proportioned that in the zero flow condition of the instrument, the wheel P will engage the-end of shaft 1 at the center of the wheel I, so that the rotation oi. the wheel I will not then rotate the wheel I. With any particular value of the flow except its zero value, however, the wheel P will engage the wheel I at a radial distance irom the axis ot the latter, which isa linear measure of the then existing rateot flow, and the extent of rotative mover-sent of the wheel P, and its spindle I per. unit of time, will then be proportioned to the existing rate of flow.

The spindle I is formed with a spur gear section 1', sufllciently elongated to mesh, in all axial positions of said spindle, with the corresponding member 01' a train of speed reducing gears 1 through which the rotation of the gear I gives rotative movement to a gear 1 carried by a spindle I. The latter is connected by a flexible shaft 1 to a counting train 1', which is thus adaptedto exhibit the integrated value of the flow.

In an instrument of the type illustrated, it-is convenient, in many cases, to provide a record on the record chart h of the integrated values of the quantity measured during different periods throughout the periods in which any particular record chart h is in use, such as might be obtained by moving a planimeter along the record curve traced on the chart by the pen arm H. In the instrument shown, a record of the integrated value of the flow, is made on the chart disc h adjacent its periphery, as shown in Fig. 5, by a pen arm M pivoted at M and connected by a crank arm M and link M to a lever M, which is operatively engaged by the edge of a cam I carried by the spindle I". The earn 1 (Fig.4) is shown as having a spiral edge with its minimum and maximum radii portions connected by a radial shoulder 1 In consequence, the record formed by the pen arm M, will consist of a plurality of inclined portions m, each connected to each adjacent portion'by a transverse portion m. The angular displacement between adjacent transverse curve portions m will correspond to the time interval required for the chart movement during which the integrated value of the flow is that represented by a single revolution of the spindle I Each curve portion is a short arc, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the length of the pen arm, and each inclined portion m will approximate or depart from a straight line, accordingly, as the rate of flow is approximately constant or varies during the period in which said inclined portion is formed.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, instruments in which the movable measuring member is the core of an induction bridge receiver element, are not restricted to use in measuring rates of flow, but is well adapted for use where the core of the transmitter element of the bridge is moved by changes in temperature or pressure or of other physical quantities or conditions. Moreover, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the general features of the present invention are adapted for use in instruments in which the movable measuring ,member is not the cbre of an inductance bridge receiver element, but is a member deflected by any measurlng force large enough to actuate a flapper valve, such as the valve F, but is not large enough to adjust a recording pen, or an integrating, mechanism or to perform some other measuring or ance with the'movements of a sensitive movable measuring element, there are certain general advapor mixed with the air, or as a result of pressure drop and time lag due to the flow of the pressure air through elongated piping supplying air to the instrument from an external source of compressed air. The conception of an arrangement oi the compressor within an instrument casing to obtain the' general advantages just mentioned did not originate with me, but with Roy Ullman, and is.

disclosed in his application, Serial No. 82,859, filed of even date herewith. In combining an aircompressor within the instrument casing with the particular type of pneumatic relay mechanism disclosed and claimed herein, I obtain a special advantage, however, from the relatively very small volume of compressed air and the relatively low pressure to which it needs to be compressed for the operation of said mechanism.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated'and described the best Y forms 01' embodiment of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims and that in some cases certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: 1

1. The combination in an instrument for measuring a variable quantity, of a controlling member adapted to move in one direction and in the reverse direction, in accordance with changes in said quantity, and fluid pressure mechanism comprising a pressure chamber, a controlled member adapted to move, independently of the movements of the first mentioned member, in one direction and in the reverse direction, as the pressure in said chamber is increased and decreased, respectively, an exhibiting element ac: tuated by said controlled member to exhibit the varying value of said variable quantity and a valve adaptedby its opening and closing adjustments to control the pressure in said chamber, and valve operating means, through which movement of each of said members in one direction or in the reverse direction without a corresponding movement of the other member, gives an opening or closing adjustment, respectively, to said valve, whereby changes in position of the controlling member produce definitely related changes in position of the controlled member.

2. An .instrument as specified in claim '1, in which the valve operating mea'ns include a lever angularly adjusted by movements of the controlled member, and a second lever pivotally mounted on the first mentioned lever and angularly adjusted by said controlling member and adapted to adjust said valve by its own angular adjustments and as a result of the angular adjustments of the first mentioned lever.

3. An instrument as specified in claim 1,. in whichthe valve operating means comprises a device directlyoscillated by the movements of said control member, a lever engaging said device and oscillated by the oscillation of .the latter, and a second lever pivoted on the first mentioned lever and oscillated by. the movements of the controlling member and adapted to actuate said valve when oscillated by the controlling member, and also as a result of the oscillation of the first mentioned lever.

4. An instrument as specified in claim 1, in which the valve operating means includes a lever, cam means through which said lever is oscillated by movements of'said controlled member, a second lever pivoted on the first mentioned lever and oscillated by the movements oi the controlling member and adapted to "adjust said valve when oscillated and also as a result of the oscillations of the first mentioned lever, whereby the relation of the movement of the controlled memher to the movement of the controlling member depends upon the form oi! said cam means.

5. The combination in an instrument for recording the value of a variable quantity, of a controlling member deflecting in one direction or in the reverse direction as said quantity changes, fluid pressure mechanism comprising a pressure chamber, a controlled member adapted to move in one direction or in the reverse direction as the pressure in said chamber is increased and decreased, respectively, and an adjustable valve adapted by its opening and closing adjustments to control the pressure in said chamber, valve operating means through which movement of each of said members in one direction or in the reverse direction gives an opening or closing adjustment, respectively, to said valve, an adjustable recording pen, and means through which the movements of said controlled member adjust said pen.

6. The combination in an instrument for integrating the value of a variable quantity, of a controlling member deflecting in one direction or in the reverse direction as said quantity changes fiuid pressure mechanism comprising a pressure chamber, a controlled member adapted -movementoi each of said members in'onedirection-or in the reverse direction gives an opening or closing adjustment respectively, to said valve, an integrating mechanism including a rotatable driving element rotating at a constant rate and an adjustable rotatable driven element rotated by the driving element'at a rate dependent on the adjustment of the driven element, and means through which the movements of said controlled member adjusts said driven element.

7. An instrument as specified in claim 1,, comprising an instrument casing enclosing the combination specified in claim 1, and a motor driven air compressor also enclosed in said casing and adapted to compress air drawn from the air space within said casing for the actuation 'of the said fluid pressure mechanism, the latter returning the air to said casing space.

8. The combination in an instrument for recording the value of a variable quantity,-of a controlling member deflecting in one direction or in the reverse direction as said quantity changes, fluid pressure mechanism comprising a pressure chamber, a controlled member adaptedto move in one direction or in the reverse direction '.as the pressure in said chamber is increased and decreased, respectively, and an adjustable valve adapted by its opening and closing adjustments to control the pressure in said chamber, valve operating means through which movement of said controlling member in one direction or in the reverse direction gives an opening or closing adjustment, respectively, to said valve, independently of the pressure in said chamber, and through which a change in pressure in said chamber resulting from said opening or closing adjustment of saidvalve eilfects a closing or opening. adjustment respectively, of said valve, an adjustable exhibiting element to indicate the value of said quantity and means through which the movements of said controlled member adjust said element.

9. The combination in an instrument for recording the value of a variable quantity, of a controlling member deflecting in one direction or in the reverse direction as said quantity changes, fluid pressure mechanism comprising a pressure chamber, a controlled member adapted to move in one direction or in the reverse direction as the pressure in said chamber is increased and decreased, respectively, and an adjustable valve adapted by its opening and closing adjustments to control the pressure in said chamber, valve operating means including a floating lever attached to said controlling member at a point and through which movement 01' the latter in one direction or in the reverse direction gives an opening or closing adjustment, respectively, to said valve, independently of the pressure in said chamber, and through which a change in pressure in said chamber resulting from said opening or closing adjustment of said valve effects adjustment of said lever at a point removed from said first mentioned point and in a reverse sense to thereby respectively close or open said valve, an adjustable exhibiting element to indicate the value of said quantity and means through which the movements of said controlled member adjust said element.

COLEMAN B. MOORE. 

